|
The Westerweel Group (Dutch: Westerweel Groep) was a resistance group that operated during the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands.〔Lindeman 2004, p. 97〕 Led by a Dutch Christian Joop Westerweel and Jewish German refugee Joachim Simon, the group was initiated in August 1942 and its first objective was to hide a Jewish youth group whose members were ordered deported to the Nazi Westerbork transit camp.〔Lindeman 2004, pp. 96-97〕 ==Background== Around 450 Jewish teenage boys and girls were living in the Netherlands as refugees from Austria and Germany. They planned on making ''aliyah'' to the Land of Israel and called themselves the "Palestine Pioneers" or ''Hechalutz''.〔Lindeman 2004, pp. 89-90〕 The teenagers were split into groups throughout the Netherlands, including one in Amsterdam and one in Loosdrecht, a village in North Holland.〔Lindeman 2004, p. 90〕 The group in Loosdrecht, which consisted of around 50 teenagers, worked on farms or with other agricultural related work in preparation for kibbutz-life in Palestine.〔Lindeman 2004, pp. 90, 95〕 The initiative to form the group arose in August 1942 when the Nazis began ordering the deportation of Jews in the Netherlands.〔Lindeman 2004, pp. 98-99〕 The Loosdrecht group, living together in an Aliyah center, chose to go into hiding instead of reporting for deportation.〔Lindeman 2004, pp. 98-99〕 The leaders of the youth group met with Joop Westerweel, a local Dutch Christian opposed to the Nazis, who agreed to undertake the mission of finding hiding places for the entire group.〔Lindeman 2004, pp. 97〕 They had to find and organize different addresses, forge identification cards and travel documents, raise money, and arrange ration cards.〔Lindeman 2004, pp. 96-97, 99〕 Westerweel Group then began assisting Palestine Pioneers members located in Amsterdam.〔Lindeman 2004, p. 99〕 The group then decided that it would be less dangerous for the escapees if they were smuggled outside of the Netherlands' borders.〔Lindeman 2004, p. 100〕 This was because their housing, which was temporary, required that they move frequently from one place to another, thus increasing the chances of being betrayed by locals or caught by the civilian police.〔Lindeman 2004, p. 100〕 They first attempted to move twelve teenagers to the neutral Switzerland, but they were caught by the Nazis.〔Lindeman 2004, p. 100〕 The group assumed they were betrayed by one of the people they asked for help, and they resolved to avoid using unknown outsiders.〔Lindeman 2004, p. 100〕 Their second escape route, planned by Joachim Simon, was through Belgium to France and then to Spain over the Pyrenees mountain range.〔Lindeman 2004, p. 100〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Westerweel Group」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|